BOJ Normalization Meets Slowing Growth: Two Diverging Paths for USD/JPY
Japan entered the second half of 2026 with a macro split that matters more for the yen than any single inflation print. The most recent trade report showed July exports rose 23.2% from a year earlier to a record 11.5 trillion yen, above economists' projection of a 19.9% gain, while imports climbed 27.8% and left a smaller-than-expected trade deficit of 634.5 billion yen. But that external strength arrived just after a Bloomberg report showed real GDP grew only 1.1% annualized in the second quarter, down from a revised 1.9% pace and short of the 2% forecast. Capital spending kept falling and private consumption stayed flat. A firmer consumer price report on 21 August, noted by Forex.com, still did not lift the Japanese currency. That is the central tension: exports and inflation can support policy normalization, while weak domestic demand and fiscal pressure resist it. Bloomberg’s 17 August newsletter framed the policy challenge around defending a currency near a 40-year low....